Stop smoking meditation8/7/2023 ![]() There was a high level of heterogeneity (I 2 = 82%) across studies comparing ACT with intensity-matched smoking cessation treatments, meaning it was not appropriate to report a pooled result. We did not detect a clear benefit or harm of ACT on quit rates compared with less intensive behavioural treatments, including nicotine replacement therapy alone (RR 1.27, 95% CI 0.53 to 3.02 1 study, 102 participants low-certainty evidence), brief advice (RR 1.27, 95% CI 0.59 to 2.75 1 study, 144 participants very low-certainty evidence), or less intensive ACT (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.50 to 2.01 1 study, 100 participants low-certainty evidence). In one study of mindfulness-based relapse prevention, we did not detect a clear benefit or harm of the intervention over no treatment (RR 1.43, 95% CI 0.56 to 3.67 86 participants very low-certainty evidence). In each comparison, the 95% CI encompassed benefit (i.e. We did not detect a clear benefit or harm of mindfulness training interventions on quit rates compared with intensity-matched smoking cessation treatment (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.46 I 2 = 0% 3 studies, 542 participants low-certainty evidence), less intensive smoking cessation treatment (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.65 to 2.19 I 2 = 60% 5 studies, 813 participants very low-certainty evidence), or no treatment (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.53 1 study, 325 participants low-certainty evidence). Mindfulness-based interventions varied considerably in design and content, as did comparators, therefore, we pooled small groups of relatively comparable studies. We judged four of the studies to be at low risk of bias, nine at unclear risk, and eight at high risk. Most recruited adults from the community, and the majority (15 studies) were conducted in the USA. We included 21 studies, with 8186 participants. ![]() We summarised mental health outcomes narratively. We carried out meta-analyses where appropriate, using Mantel-Haenszel random-effects models. We grouped eligible studies according to the type of intervention and type of comparator. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for smoking cessation for each study, where possible. We measured smoking cessation at the longest time point, using the most rigorous definition available, on an intention-to-treat basis. We excluded studies that solely recruited pregnant women. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs that compared a mindfulness-based intervention for smoking cessation with another smoking cessation programme or no treatment, and assessed smoking cessation at six months or longer. We also employed an automated search strategy, developed as part of the Human Behaviour Change Project, using Microsoft Academic. We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's specialised register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and trial registries to 15 April 2021. ![]() To assess the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for smoking cessation among people who smoke, and whether these interventions have an effect on mental health outcomes. ![]() Types of mindfulness-based interventions include mindfulness training, which involves training in meditation acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) distress tolerance training and yoga. Mindfulness-based smoking cessation interventions may aid smoking cessation by teaching individuals to pay attention to, and work mindfully with, negative affective states, cravings, and other symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. ![]()
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